John Bisese 1H AGO

I used Claude to review the book *Why Machines Learn*. Then I went through each chapter while Claude questioned me at relevant points. To make the concepts more concrete, I used interactive graphs with x and y axes. The first graph shows the relationship between x and a function, along with the slope of the curve. It uses f(x) = x³ with a tangent line illustrating the derivative. I can drag a slider to move the point and watch the slope change, then switch to 3x to compare it with a straight line. The graph demonstrates several ideas: - Sliding x to 0 on x³ makes the tangent flat and the slope 0, so a small nudge barely changes the output. This is similar to a flat spot at the ends of a sigmoid, where learning stalls. - Sliding to 2 and then to −2 shows a slope of 12 at both points. Because the derivative is 3x², it is positive on both sides and the curve is always climbing. - Switching to 3x makes the tangent lie directly on top of the line, with a constant slope of 3 everywhere. - The nudge-check box tracks the derivative closely, showing that the derivative is essentially “change in output ÷ small change in input.” The second graph shows the input and output layers of a small pattern detector. It represents a 2 × 2 image flattened into four inputs, a hidden layer of two neurons, and two outputs. The weights are set by hand so the network can distinguish a vertical line from a horizontal one. I can click the pixels to change the image and watch the numbers flow through the network. The setup uses weight +1, weight −1, ReLU activation defined as max(0, z), softmax output, and all biases set to 0. For example: - Flatten: x = [1, 0, 1, 0] - h1 = ReLU((1)(1) + (-1)(0) + (1)(1) + (-1)(0)) = ReLU(2) = 2 — left column versus right column - h2 = ReLU((1)(1) + (1)(0) + (-1)(1) + (-1)(0)) = ReLU(0) = 0 — top row versus bottom row - Output: scores (2, 0) → softmax → Vertical 88%, Horizontal 12% The graph includes examples for a left vertical line, top horizontal line, right vertical line, and diagonal. Seeing the numbers change as the factors change really helps bring these concepts to life for me. Step-by-step: 1. I used Claude to review *Why Machines Learn* and question me as I worked through each chapter. 2. I used an interactive x-and-y graph to explore how a function changes and how its slope relates to the derivative. 3. I moved the slider across f(x) = x³, including 0, 2, and −2, to observe how the tangent and slope changed. 4. I switched the graph to 3x and used the nudge-check box to compare a constant derivative with the changing derivative of x³. 5. I explored a second interactive diagram representing a 2 × 2 image, four inputs, two hidden neurons, and two outputs. 6. I clicked different pixels and watched the ReLU activations, output scores, and softmax predictions change for vertical, horizontal, and diagonal patterns.